<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Mauritania<nl>Economy</hdr><body>
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<item><hi format=bold>Overview:</hi> A majority of the population still depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though most of the nomads and many subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Mauritania has extensive deposits of iron ore, which account for almost 50% of total exports. The decline in world demand for this ore, however, has led to cutbacks in production. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this key source of revenue. The country's first deepwater port opened near Nouakchott in 1986. In recent years, drought and economic mismanagement have resulted in a substantial buildup of foreign debt. The government has begun the second stage of an economic reform program in consultation with the World Bank, the IMF, and major donor countries.
<item><hi format=bold>National product:</hi> GDP—purchasing power equivalent—$2.2 billion (1992 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product real growth rate:</hi> 3.3% (1993 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product per capita:</hi> $1,050 (1992 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Industrial production:</hi> growth rate 4.4% (1988 est.); accounts for almost 30% of GDP
<item><hi format=bold>Electricity:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>capacity:</hi> 190,000 kW
<item>• <hi format=ital>production:</hi> 135 million kWh
<item>• <hi format=ital>consumption per capita:</hi> 70 kWh (1991)
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<item><hi format=bold>Industries:</hi> fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum
<item><hi format=bold>Agriculture:</hi> accounts for 25% of GDP (including fishing); largely subsistence farming and nomadic cattle and sheep herding except in Senegal river valley; crops—dates, millet, sorghum, root crops; fish products number-one export; large food deficit in years of drought
<item><hi format=bold>Economic aid:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>recipient:</hi> US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $168 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.3 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $490 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $277 million; Arab Development Bank (1991), $20 million